New Mexico Cosmetology Practice Exam 2025 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

The process that is used to permanently change hair structure with heat and moisture is a perm. A perm, which stands for "permanent wave," uses a combination of chemicals and physical manipulation to create curls or waves in the hair. The heat activates the chemical solution, allowing the hair's protein bonds to be restructured.

Once the hair has been treated with the perm solution, it is wrapped around perm rods, and heat is applied either through a hooded dryer or by other means. This process alters the internal structure of the hair shaft, enabling it to hold a new shape. The result is a long-lasting style that can dramatically change the appearance of straight hair into curls or waves.

On the other hand, a relaxer is used to straighten curly or wavy hair, which involves a different chemical process that breaks down the bonds with the intent to maintain a smooth, straight appearance. Hair coloring involves altering the hair's pigment but does not change its structural properties. Deep conditioning is aimed at improving moisture and condition, but it does not change the structural characteristics of the hair. Therefore, a perm is the correct choice for the process that permanently changes hair structure with heat and moisture.